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Show me one deductive argument?
forbidding the purely formal.
"A & B therefore A" is deductive, but says nothing about the world.
I want an argument where the propositions mean something.
Im betting any such argument is really inductive.
Angry Daisy has the only "sound" argument. Heres why its not really deductive: What do we mean by "All mammals feed their children milk"? If you take this premise for granted (as we ordinarily do in logic) then the conclusion would be incontrovertible. But this isnt so... the premise is a product of induction. Its not impossible we discover or invent a new mammalian creature that doesnt provide milk. The definition "mammal" isnt fixed in all possible worlds. Similarly with the universal claim that all whales are mammals. There may turn out to be non-mammalian whales. We dont know. The facts of biology arent closed to that possibility.
It is most reasonable to conclude that whales provide milk, but only on the basis of our observations and historically-imbued usages of certain words.
Answer: The United States is large
Large is and adjective.
The United States is an adjective.
......so much for logic, pass the remote
Category: Philosophy
YouTube - Logic 101: Introducing Basic Inductive and Deductive ...
Apr 15, 2010 ... I Introduce the basics on what constitutes "inductive arguments" and deductive arguments" as part 1 of my introduction to logic and ...
MCCL Blog: Deductive reasoning and the pro-life argument: Part Two
I recently presented five different formulations of a deductively valid argument for the pro-life conclusion that elective abortion is morally wrong. Here are two more that deal explicitly with the question of personal ...
what kind of deductive argument form does this quote belong to ?
For if the brain is a machine of ten billion nerve cells and the mind can somehow be explained as the summed activity of a finite number of chemicals and electrical reactions, [then] boundaries limit the human prospect –we are biological and our souls cannot fly free.
- Edward O. Wilson, On Human Nature
Answer: I'm not certain what you mean by "what form". But I can tell you there are two fallacies in Wilson's statement.
1) That a finite number of reactions exist AS A BOUNDARY rather than as the fact that reactions are possible at all and therefore act as enablers. Yes, there are boundaries: the fact that only 256 "moods" and "figures" of syllogism exist. All of our deductive thinking must be done within a box that contains only 256 possibilities. And out of those, 244 are ALWAYS FALLACIOUS, leaving only 12 syllogism with even the possibility of containing any truth.
2) But even assuming that does amount to a boundary, he presumes that our souls are not biological. (To presume they are is called "biological naturalism".) And then he presumes that souls are capable of flying "free", a concept he does not define in that paragraph. I must presume he means "free will."
Free will, however, has been described as the freedom to think........or not. So long as your mind is not coerced or under unlawful duress, then you are free to use your will. Even the determinists admit of will power, but deny it is "free will." But if you can freely use it, is it not free?
Category: Philosophy
What topics could I do a valid deductive argument or strong inductive argument paper on?
I am taking a philosophy class this semester and we must do an argument paper. Whatever topic we choose to do, it must be either a valid deductive argument or a strong inductive argument. So basically my question is, could anyone give me a few topics so that I can choose one and write a paper on it? Right now, I just dont know where to begin so help would be great.
Thanks!!
Answer: You might consider explaining how when authority (law, government, etc.) is established, everything we hold dear (common sense, reason, logic, morals, ethics, freedom, etc., even life itself), becomes secondary to the preservation of said authorities power. And how this causes the divisions (of power and classes) that create the miseries of mankind. After all, all evil is, one forcing their will on another (rape is a good example) which is "taking authiority."
Category: Philosophy
Whats the difference between a deductive and inductive argument for the problem of evil?
Please help!!!!
Im having trouble understanding this, can someone please give me a laymens term account of the difference between an inductive argument from evil and a deductive one?
Answer: Holy and Evil are both, terms that are subjective by nature.
They are subject to beliefs. It's extremely difficult to prove
either one unless you have known facts. If you belive and
have faith, well then you can quote the Bible or any other
book of any religion endlessly and you'll never be wrong.
This is what you've read and if you believe what you're
reading is true, all you need to do to prove your point, is
to refer anyone to that book. You are assuming that every-
thing that you've read is true based on the belief that the
writers accounts are true, even though they offer no proof.
That would be your inductive argument.
Your deductive argument can only be proven if you have
known proofs. You take a theory and proceed to solve it
logicly by using known facts. You ask yourself, "Hmm, why
did this happen? Let's see; if this happened, it could only
happen because this other thing happened before it", and
so on. An example to this deducitve prosses is this:
Water can exist in three different states.
Water can exist as a solid if the temperature is 31 degrees
or below. Water freezes at 32 degrees. It's a solid.
Water can exist as a liqiud between 33 and 212 degrees.
After that, water becomes a vapor.
The key to this deductive process is, temperature.
I'm hoping this helped you.
Category: Philosophy
Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning, also called deductive logic, is reasoning which constructs or evaluates deductive arguments. Deductive arguments are attempts to show that...
deductive argument
A deductive argument is one in which it is claimed that it is ... Deductive arguments are based upon the concept of deduction, which involves starting from ...
What is the difference between a deductive argument and a inductive argument?
Answer: Inductive argument is inspired debate or theory arising from observation of a situation and empirical analysis.
Deductive argument by process of elimination excludes all implausible argument and factors to a theory and concludes with an answer determined by the removal of all other factors
Category: Philosophy
Inductive and Deductive Argument question help please?
Hello. I am reading a paper and I am suppose to pick out the deductive and inductive arguments.
I know how to tell the difference but I was just wondering, can an inductive argument have an "if then" statement as one of the premises? Or can only a deductive argument have an "if then" statement?
Thank you!
Answer: I wouldn't say never.
Looking for "if, then" and then labeling it as deductive automatically might be misleading. For example,
1. Every time I dropped this ball in the past, gravity has caused it to fall to the ground.
Therefore, IF I drop this ball again, THEN gravity will cause it to fall to the ground again.
Although this inductive argument contains an "if, then" proposition in the conclusion and not in the premises, you should be careful to not automatically label it deductive.
As the previous poster said, an inductive argument is when the premises can all be true and the conclusion could be false. In other words, the answer is only true based on *probability* and not necessity.
Category: Words & Wordplay
If one attempts to write a deductive argument and it turns out to be invalid, then?
If one attempts to write a deductive argument and it turns out to be invalid, then is the argument deductive and invalid, or invalid and inductive, or both? Why?
For example, if a logic quiz were to give an argument and list for multiple choice valid, invalid, strong, and weak, how would you know what choice to make? After all, an invalid argument can be either strong or weak.
Answer: Deductive and inductive are simply forms of argument. Deductive are "all or nothing"; if it is invalid, your conclusion can be correct or true, but the argument is still invalid because of its structure. Inductive reasoning can be relatively strong or weak, depending on the nature of the evidence supporting the conclusion. So getting a deductive argument wrong just invalidates it, rather than making it inductive.
Category: Philosophy
PowerPoint slides on Deductive Argument Forms
Deductive Arguments and Inference Rules. Sound Argument: A Valid argument with true ... A sound argument is one for which both of the following are true: ...
Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A deductive argument is valid if the conclusion does follow necessarily from the premises, i.e., if the conclusion must be true provided that the premises are true. ...
Can a deductive argument be invalid?
It has said that deductive argument are attempt to show that a conclusion necessarily follows from a set of premises or hypotheses.
A deductive argument is valid if the conclusion does follow necessarily from the premises.
If so, should all deductive argument are valid? According to the definitions above, they are the same thing, right? Then why there are deductive argument that are invalid?
Can you give me some examples? Thanks.
Answer: The answer to your question is largely dependent on the definition of "deductive argument".
Some popular logic textbooks treat “deductive argument” and “inductive argument” as basic concepts of logic. This seemingly minor difference marks a big difference in regard to the treatment of basic concepts of logic.
The terms “valid” and “invalid” can quite easily be defined independently of the term “deductive argument.” Similarly, the terms “strong” and “weak” can be defined independently of the term “inductive argument.” But in some widely used logic textbooks, “valid” and “invalid” are defined in terms of “deductive argument”; “strong” and “weak” are defined in terms of “inductive argument.”
Why would anyone regard the concepts of deductive argument and inductive argument as more basic than the concepts of validity and strength? The idea is that we can neatly sort arguments into two major groups (deductive and inductive), and that the concepts of validity and invalidity apply only to deductive arguments, while the concepts of strength and weakness apply only to inductive arguments. Deduction is about deductive arguments; induction is about inductive arguments. Thus, we seem to get a nice, simple picture of the whole of logic.
But in the end, an invalid argument is really not deductive. It may have some sort of form that with only minor adjustments could be made into a valid argument, and this is why some textbooks treat it this way.
Category: Homework Help
These are questions asked for a PHI-103 - StudentOfFortune.com
These are questions asked for a PHI-103 Class Quiz; week #2: 1. A "good" deductive argument must at least be (Points : 1) an argument with four premises. a valid argument. an inductive argument. an interesting argument. ...
Is the Teleological Argument an inductive or deductive argument?
Is the Teleological Argument for the existence of God inductive or deductive?
Thanks
Answer: It can be either. Teleological only means ultimate cause or reason. How you get to it is immaterial.
Category: Philosophy
Is this a deductive argument and how would i put it into predicate logic form?
If you like steak better than hamburger and hamburger better than hot dogs, you are probably someone who likes steak better than hot dogs.
Answer: no, it's inductive.
i'm not sure about the predicate logic.
Category: Philosophy
Deductive argument?
Can anyone help me think of a deductive argument in suport of the death penalty? Thank you!
Answer: Capital punishment has a 0% recidivism rate. Therefore, criminals who are executed are proven never to commit crimes again!
Category: Homework Help
Deductive and Inductive Arguments: Whats the Difference?
A deductive argument is one in which it is impossible for the premises to be true but the conclusion false. An inductive argument is one in which the premises are supposed ...
Deductive Argument " Reasoning Resources
To find the conclusion of an argument, ask yourself "what is the point being made here? ... A deductive argument is an argument in which the premises are ...
Deductive & Inductive Arguments
is why, in a valid deductive argument, the truth of the premises guarantees the truth ... Valid deductive arguments offer sufficient proof for their conclusions, whereas valid ...
Fine Tuning Foolishness «
Then again, I have never thought many purely deductive arguments made any particular sense. Considering that a major proponent of the KCA (Kalam cosmological argument), William Lane Craig (Read my article Deductive Idiot ...
Deductive Argument « Reasoning Resources
The second type is the deductive argument. A deductive argument is an argument in which the premises are intended to provide complete support for the ...
How would you translate this from a deductive argument into propositional logic?
Okay, Im working on an assignment in which I need to translate deductive arguments into propositional logic.
The first question is:
"I do know that this pencil exists, but I could not know this if Humes principles were true. Therefore Humes principles are false."
I realize you dont want to answer my assignment for me, and thats not what I want either,I just need to know how to do it myself. I dont really completely understand what a deductive argument and propositional logic are, so if someone could explain that, and possibly either make up a deductive argument and then translate it for me, or use the example Ive provided, that would be great.
Thanks!
-Randall
Answer: Very easy question>
If the pen or that pen AFFECTS your life, therefore is very REAL!
Somewhere in world in, then and now, was to write your name with that pencil, accusing you of missdeeds, believe me my friend, your a$$ would be on the line as we speak!
Category: Philosophy
DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS IN NATURAL SCIENCES
We are just going to define and explain two kinds of deductive ... (This argument is clearly deductive: the system in equilibrium cannot start changing unless some jog ...
Mission: Critical (Induction vs. Deduction)
Adhams inductive argument, above, is supported by his previous observations, while Riziks deductive argument is supported by his reference to the law of gravity. ...
Deductive and Inductive Arguments [Internet Encyclopedia of ...
Jan 27, 2003 ... A deductive argument is an argument in which it is thought that the premises provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion. ...
Deductive Logic
In the previous lecture, I mentioned deductive and inductive arguments. ... Recall that deductive arguments are arguments whose conclusions are certain. ...
the following sentence is inductive or deductive argument ?
Is it an inductive or deductive argument ? Is it valid and sound? If it is invalid or unsound, why ?
"I have terrible news for you. Mary is going out with Frank. I called Mary on Saturdaynight, and she wasnt home. Then I tried to call Frank, and he wasnt home, either!"
Answer: That is totally invalid. If Megan Fox and i were not in our hopes at one point of time, that can't mean we went to a date....although i wish i did....
Category: Philosophy
Mission: Critical (Deductive Arguments)
Any deductive argument can be expressed as either a syllogism or a conditional, though ... These two arguments reach the same conclusion, and their minor ...
Deduction and Induction
Deductive and inductive arguments are characterized and distinguished in some detail.
Deductive and Inductive Arguments [Internet Encyclopedia of ...
Deductive and Inductive Arguments. A deductive argument is an argument in which it is thought that the premises provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion. ...
deductive argument
Glossary of Religion and Philosophy - Deductive Argument.
Induction and Deduction | Re:Think
The above argument is a valid deductive argument, as the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises; however, the argument is unsound because “Premise 1″ is not true, as not all swans are black. ...
Deduction and Induction
Deductive and inductive arguments are characterized and distinguished in some ... This example is a deductive argument. 2. In some kinds of induction, ...
DAILY DEMONSTRATION: Absurdity and Desire (part 1) « Persistent ...
Some arguments for the existence of God are made using deductive reasoning. With this kind of reasoning if the premises are taken to be true, their consequences are derived inescapably by universally recognized patterns ...
Is TAG A Deductive Argument?: A Hagiographic Interlude
Before I finish (I think) off my thoughts on whether TAG is aa deductive argument, I thought I'd take a brief interlude and look at some quotables by two of the patron saints on presuppositionalism: Van Til and Bahnsen (BVT). ...
Two Methods of Reasoning
A "valid" deductive argument is one in which the conclusion necessarily follows ... An "invalid" deductive argument will contain something in the conclusion ...
Mission: Critical (Deductive Arguments)
In general, there are two distinct ways of expressing a deductive argument: as a syllogism, or as a conditional. Any deductive argument can be expressed as ...
Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Deductive arguments are generally evaluated in terms of their validity and soundness. An argument is valid if it is impossible for its premises to be true ...
What is the difference between a deductive argument and an inductive argument?
What are the three concepts used in evaluating arguments?
Answer: Deduction: the conclusion follows with necessity if the premises are true. Or, the conclusion can't be false while the premises are tru. The conclusion is not ampliative, the information deduced is found 'in' the premises. The argument is non-errosive -- adding extra premises will not change the truth-value of the conclusion.
Induction: the conclusion follows with varying degrees of likelihood. The argument is errosive -- adding details can change the probability of the conclusion. The conclusion goes beyond the observations; it is ampliative: from "every observed geriatric has wrinkles" a likely inductive inference is: "All geriatrics have wrinkles".
I don't know what three concepts you're dealing with -- it's probably some dogmatic expression of your textbook. Maybe it's deduction, induction, abduction? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductive_reasoning#Deduction.2C_Induction_and_Abduction
Category: Philosophy
Deductive reasoning: Definition from Answers.com
Deductive Reasoning Observance of an event occurring on a repeated basis that leads one to believe that a certain probability is attached to the
INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE METHODS OF TEACHING | ISAMM
A logically correct argument is termed “valid”, while an acceptable inductive argument is called cogent. The notion of support is further elucidated by the observation that the truth of the premises of a valid deductive argument ...
Argument - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A deductive argument asserts that the truth of the conclusion is a logical consequence of ... Deductive arguments are valid or invalid, and sound or not sound. ...
Can someone tell me if this is a correct example of a deductive argument that is valid but unsound?
Everyone who wears a UC Berkley tea shirt is a UC Berkley student.
Paris Hilton wears a UC Berkley tea shirt.
Therefore, Paris Hilton is a UC Berkley student.
Everyone who wears a UC Berkley tee shirt is a UC Berkley student.
Paris Hilton wears a UC Berkley tee shirt.
Therefore, Paris Hilton is a UC Berkley student.
Answer: "A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is both valid, and all of its premises are actually true. Otherwise, a deductive argument is unsound." http://www.iep.utm.edu/val-snd/
Because it cannot be true that "Everyone who wears a UC Berkley T shirt is a UC Berkley student", it is an untrue premise and the syllogism is therefore not sound.
Category: Philosophy
Regarding philosophy, if it is an informal fallacy, it can not be in a deductive argument?
It could only be in an inductive argument? I like examples too!! thank u!
Answer: Yes, you are right, but keep in mind that many arguments contain both inductive and deductive phases. We may arrive at our premises for a deduction by informal means. Thus we can have a valid deduction based on a false premise.
For example, I erroneously believe that all swans are white, because I and everybody I know and read have only seen white swans. So, I find myself reasoning thus:
I see a swan-like creature that is black (actually it is a black swan)
All swans are white
this animal I see is not white
therefore it is not a swan
Perfectly valid reasoning, but my premise about white swans is false. I did not deduce that premise I induced it.
My example really isn't an example of a fallacy but of the fact that we can never derive a certainty from observation. All it takes is one exception and the whole thing falls down.
As I said earlier, strictly speaking, informal fallacies are properties of purely inductive or informal reasoning. But conclusions of informal reasoning often end up as premises in deductions. When they do and they are fallacious, then the premise is simply false and the deduction is unsound.
Category: Philosophy
Possible Worlds: Probability in Deductive Arguments
Many agnostics and atheists are putting forth what I call the “probability objection” against deductive arguments. This objection is not lodged against any premise of any theistic argument, but rather against our warrant for saying the ...
Deductive and Inductive Arguments
Arguments or inferences that are certain or intended to be certain are Deductive Arguments or Inferences. ... It is for the above reasons that arguments that can be completed ...