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Pax jets. What is the approx cost of GPWS & TCAS for airlines?
Were they retrofitted to older aircraft?
Answer: about $10,000 each.
Category: Aircraft
Does TCAS work differently on approach?
For example, is Tcas desensitized in the landing configuration (i.e. when the gear and flaps are down)?
Answer: No, the way Tcas works is it able to "listen" in on the other aircrafts transponder.In other words it interrogates other transponders by sending out a radio signal that says "anybody out there?" The aircraft that have a transponder on will answer,
with a reply signal with the code they have dialed in. (ATC provides this 4 number assignment.)"yea, I am right here". This happens very quickly and continuously. By triangulation over a period of time, the TSAC is able to discern the others location ands displays it on the unit. Many also have audible warnings and recommended action to take to resolve the conflict.
Tcas is only able to interact with aircraft that have a correctly operating transponder . it is nothing like radar.
Category: Aircraft
Federal Aviation Administration - Home Page – TCAS
Aug 4, 2010 ... Welcome to the Tcas Logic System's home page on the FAA Technical ... of the change 7 specifications used in today's Tcas II / ACAS systems. ...
If i were to start from scratch to design a TCAS system?
What equipment would i need? Also, is there any software used by the Tcas to produce the TA and RA?
Answer: The real answer is you'd need in excess of 10 million dollars in liability insurance! A unit like that is often the target of blame (rightly or wrongly) in aircraft accidents (and they don't necessarily have to be fatal). You will spend upwards of a million for the design and testing phase (assuming you can get the thing flight tested on an aircraft, then you would need to test it on every model you intended to install it in).
If you made it as far as production, then you'd have to get and STC issued by the FAA to allow the units to be installed in US registered aircraft. That means that you'd have to pass the FCC testing, and the new electrical load analysis would have to be done, along with the W&B calculations for each aircraft.
Then, you'd have to apply for EASA approval if you wanted to sell the design in Europe. You'd need to do this, because the leasing companies would never allow the unit to be installed in their owned aircraft if they couldn't freely move the aircraft into Europe on a new lease if needed (which they often do).
So....the likelihood of working up a commercial system is virtually nil. You might be able to sell your design if it is truly revolutionary, but most places interested would most likely want to have the initial testing done before they'd even consider the product.
Good luck, and I mean that. I'm not trying to discourage you, I simply want you to know the enormity of what you are up against in the commercial aviation world.
Category: Aircraft
Liveblog: Fox at the TCAs « Hulu Blog
Let's do this simply, easily: Fox's Tcas are where they put TV critics in a room, butter them up with bacon and boxes of almonds, and show off their new fall shows. Of course, we drop any presupposed notions of being ...
The CW at the TCAs, or a middle-aged man gushes about shows ...
Yes, I am in my 50s, and I do have my feminine side at this point,” said The CW's Mark Pedowitz, who would certainly have had to come to terms with both of those things by now, seeing as he's president of a network ...
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) - MayoClinic.com
Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants — How these antidepressants work and possible side effects.
What are examples of unwanted information on TCAS?
What are examples of unwanted info sent on the 1030/1090 MHz band?
Answer: I saw this in your other question. IFF and Tcas communicate on those frequencies. There really isn't unwanted information traveling across the signal "message". You should probably drop that specific idea, unless you have more info than I have.
Category: Aircraft
Teen Choice Awards Live Stream | Watch TCAs Streaming 2011 ...
Teen Choice Awards live stream streaming Tcas red carpet August 7, 2011.
Where can I find information about the history of TCAS?
Im doing a report on Tcas for school, and I need a good source of information that talks about when invented, crashes that led to development, etc.
Answer: The Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (or Tcas) is a computerised avionics device which is designed to reduce the danger of mid-air collisions between aircraft. It monitors the airspace around an aircraft, independent of air traffic control, and warns pilots of the presence of other aircraft which may present a threat of mid air collision (MAC). It is an implementation of the Airborne Collision Avoidance System mandated by International Civil Aviation Organization to be fitted to all aircraft over 5700 kg or authorised to carry more than 19 passengers.
In modern glass cockpit aircraft, the Tcas display may be integrated in the Navigation Display; in older glass cockpit aircraft and those with mechanical instrumentation, a Tcas display replaces the mechanical Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator (which indicates the speed with which the aircraft is descending or climbing).
Contents [hide]
1 Impetus for a collision prevention system
2 Tcas Basics
3 Relationship to Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS)
4 Versions of Tcas
4.1 Tcas I
4.2 Tcas II
4.3 Tcas III
5 Current implementation
5.1 Regulatory situation around the world
6 References
7 See also
8 External links
[edit] Impetus for a collision prevention system
Although research into collision avoidance systems has been ongoing since at least the 1950s, authorities such as the Federal Aviation Administration were only spurred into action after several major mid-air collisions involving great loss of life. Some of these tragic mid-air accidents include:
Grand Canyon midair collision in 1956;
The Zagreb mid-air collision in 1976;
PSA Flight 182, a Boeing 727 which collided with a Cessna 172 in 1978;
Aeroméxico Flight 498, a 1986 collision similar to PSA Flight 182, which finally spurred the US Congress and other regulatory bodies into action and led to mandatory collision avoidance equipment.
[edit] Tcas Basics
Tcas involves communication between all aircraft equipped with an appropriate transponder. Each Tcas-equipped aircraft "interrogates" all other aircraft in a determined range about their position (via the 1030 MHz radio frequency), and all other craft reply to other interrogations (via 1090 MHz). This interrogation-and-response cycle may occur several times per second.
Through this constant back-and-forth communication, the Tcas system builds a three dimensional map of aircraft in the airspace, incorporating their bearing, altitude and velocity. Then, by extrapolating current position data to anticipated future positions, it determines if a potential collision threat exists.
It should be noted that Tcas and its variants are only able to interact with aircraft that have a correctly operating transponder [1].
[edit] Relationship to Automatic Dependent Surveillance (ADS)
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) signals are transmitted from aircraft equipped with suitable transponders, containing information such as identity, current position, altitude, and airspeed. The signals are broadcast on the 1090 MHz radio frequency, the same frequency as Tcas responses.
Tcas equipment which is capable of processing ADS-B messages may use this information, in conjunction with normal Tcas messages, to enhance both prediction capabilities and the situational display. This method is known as "Hybrid Surveillance".
Prediction capabilities are improved by the additional information present in ADS-B messages (e.g. airspeed), as well as the fact that ADS-B messages can be passively received over a distance of approximately 100 NM, compared to the 40 NM range of active Tcas surveillance. The identity information present in ADS-B messages can be used to label other aircraft on the cockpit display (where present), improving situational awareness.
The underlying collision avoidance functions in Tcas are not altered while using Hybrid Surveillance.
[edit] Versions of Tcas
[edit] Tcas I
Tcas I is the first generation of collision avoidance technology. It is cheaper but less capable than the modern Tcas II system, and is mainly intended for general aviation use. Tcas I systems are able to monitor the traffic situation around a plane (to a range of about 40 miles) and offer information on the approximate bearing and altitude of other aircraft. It can also generate collision warnings in the form of a "Traffic Advisory" (TA). The TA warns the pilot that another aircraft is in near vicinity, announcing "traffic, traffic", but does not offer any suggested remedy; it is up to the pilot to decide what to do, usually with the assistance of Air Traffic Control. When a threat has passed, the system announces "clear of conflict".
[edit] Tcas II
Tcas II is the second and current generation of Tcas, used in the majority of commercial aviation aircraft (see table below). It offers all the benefits of Tcas I, but will also offer the pilot direct, vocalised instructions to avoid danger, known as a "Resolution Advisory" (RA). The suggestive action may be "corrective", suggesting the pilot change altitude by announcing, "descend, descend" or "climb, climb". By contrast a "preventive" RA may be issued which simply warns the pilots not to deviate from their present altitude, announcing, "monitor vertical speed". Tcas II systems coordinate their resolution advisories before issuing commands to the pilots, so that if one aircraft is instructed to descend, the other will typically be told to climb — maximising the separation between the two craft.
As of 2006, the only implementation that meets the ACAS II standards set by ICAO is Version 7.0 of Tcas II, produced by two avionics manufacturers: Rockwell Collins and Honeywell.
[edit] Tcas III
Tcas III is the "next generation" of collision avoidance technology which is currently undergoing active development by aviation companies such as Honeywell. Tcas III incorporates technical upgrades to the Tcas II system, and will have the capability to offer traffic advisories and resolve traffic conflicts using horizontal as well as vertical manouevring directives to pilots. For instance, in a head-on situation, one aircraft might be directed, "turn right, climb" while the other would be directed "turn right, descend." This would act to further increase the total separation between aircraft, in both horizontal and vertical aspects.
[edit] Current implementation
Although the system occasionally suffers from false alarms, pilots are now under strict instructions to regard all Tcas messages as genuine alerts demanding an immediate, high-priority response. (Only Ground Proximity Warning System warnings have higher priority than the Tcas.) The FAA and most other country's authorities' rules state that in the case of a conflict between Tcas RA and air traffic control (ATC) instructions, the Tcas RA always takes precedence. (If one aircraft follows a Tcas RA and the other follows conflicting ATC instructions, a collision can occur, such as the July 1, 2002 Überlingen disaster. In this mid-air collision, both airplanes were fitted with Tcas II systems which functioned properly, but one obeyed the Tcas advisory while the other ignored the Tcas and obeyed the controller; both aircraft descended into a fatal collision.)
[edit] Regulatory situation around the world
Jurisdiction (Agency) Classification of aircraft Tcas mode Date of mandate
USA (FAA) All commercial turbine powered transport aircraft with more than 30 passenger seats (or MTOW above 33000 pounds ~ 15000kg) Tcas II 1 January, 1993
Europe (EASA) All commercial turbine powered transport aircraft with more than 30 passenger seats (or MTOW above 15000kg)[2] Tcas II 1 January 2000
Europe (EASA) All commercial turbine powered transport aircraft with more than 19 passenger seats (or MTOW above 5700kg)[3] ACAS II (Effectively Tcas II Version 7.0) 1 January 2005
Australia (CASA) All commercial turbine powered transport aircraft with more than 30 passenger seats (or MTOW above 15000kg)[4] Tcas II 1 January, 2000
Hong Kong, China (CAD) All aircraft in Hong Kong with more than 9 passenger seats (or MTOW greater than 5700kg)[5] Tcas II Version 7.0 1 January, 2000
[edit] References
↑ Introduction to Tcas II Version 7 (PDF)
↑ European ACAS II Mandate
↑ Explanatory Statement regarding Tcas for CASA(PDF)
↑ Airworthiness Notice No. 24 (PDF)
Category: Aircraft
TCAS I and TCAS II transponder requirements?
I know Tcas II requires a Mode S transponder in order to operate, but is the same true for Tcas I?
Answer: Tcas I you need mode S and it will give you conflict warnings. If you do not have mode S someone with Tcas will see you and avoid you. Tcas II has confict resolution. It requires 2 transponders, RVSM certification, and two independent altitude perorting systems (which RVSM has anyways). The Mode S must be version 7 and will provide the processing power to provide resolution in left right as well as up down.
Category: Aircraft
The essentials for TCAs.
Let39s do this simply easily Fox39s Tcas are where they put TV critics in a room butter them up with bacon and boxes of almonds and show off their new...
TCAS
Tcas scans the vicinity by interrogating the transponders of other aircraft. It then uses the received transponder signals to compute distance, bearing and ...
How do i turn on Tcas in Wilco 777Fsx?
I cant see the weather on the creen where its supposed to show bad weather ahead and also traffic i cant see.
On the engine gauges area it says Tcas off.
How do i turn it on
Answer: On the pedestal radio panel near the transponder display, there's a knob that you can turn to the right to enable Tcas (TA/RA position).
I'm not familiar with other parts of the aircraft but there's probably a button on the glare shield that you have to press to display traffic as well. Other Boeings mostly work that way.
Category: Aircraft
The Secret Circle at the TCAs: Quotes, Spoilers and More - TV Fanatic
What did we learn about The Secret Circle at the Television Critics Association press tour yesterday? A lot, as covered in this post.
TCAS II / ACAS II
to as Tcas II (Traffic Alert and Collision Avo i d a n c e ... discussion, Tcas II will be the terminology used in this manual. Tcas II is a system used for ...
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I
Online access to Tcas-I papers available at XPLORE · Rapid-posted accepted papers available in IEEEXplore · Subscription information ...
Where is the TCAS switch on the Boeing 767?
Im using Level-Ds Boeing 767-300ER and I know how to use it, the only thing that I cannot seem to find while starting up the plane is the Tcas switch. I need to switch it to TA/RA, but I cant find the switch in the cockpit? Ive probably have overlooked it but some help would be very appreciated!
Answer: Hi:
In B767 ATC/Tcas switch panel control is for both ATC system and Tcas system,
located at P8 panel next to P10 panel (quadrant stand)
See you
Aeronautico
Category: Aircraft
What are the present problems of TCAS and ACAS up-to-date?
and what are the possible improvements and developments for these devices?
thank you
it may not be allowed here but please give me a space to reall thank you for you very detailed answer and i really would like which once is the most widely used in the world Tcas or ACAS as i asume its just a name deferential but i would like to know the core deferences between the two systems as well
Answer: I can think of three known problems with the Tcas:
TRANSPONDER ISSUES:
====================
In order for the Tcas to work, a plane must have their transponder operating and set up correctly. As smaller planes are not required to have an operating Tcas, larger planes must. If the transponder of a small plane is not set up correctly or is not operating, then there is no way for the Tcas to display that aircraft for the pilots in a larger plane. The improvement would be to make sure all planes have a Tcas built in and operating.
HORIZONTAL AVOIDANCE:
======================
The Tcas does send out alert messages and voice calls prior to a collision. However, these voice calls only say vertical maneuvers - such as "DESCEND! DESCEND!" or "CLIMB! CLIMB!" or "ADJUST VERTICAL SPEED!" The voice calls do not shout out any horizontal messages, like "BANK RIGHT AND DESCEND! BANK RIGHT AND DESCEND!" etc. The improvement would be to include horizontal maneuvers as well.
Tcas OR ATC:
============
There is still some confusion today on who pilots should rely on when avoiding a mid-air collision. Should they rely solely on the air traffic controller, the person who is responsible for keeping planes apart, or should they rely on a computer system? The FAA states that "in a situation where conflict arises between Tcas and ATC, Tcas must take priority." However, some pilots fly solely with the knowledge that ATC will take care of them, whereas others fly solely with the knowledge that Tcas will take care of them.
A notable mid-air collision occurred a while back in German airspace. A Boeing was flying at FL360 and so was a Tupolev. The Tcas told the Boeing pilots to descend as this would avoid a mid-air collision. As the Boeing pilots started descending, the Tupolev pilots (unaware of the Boeing ahead), also began descending too. The ATC was busy at the time and didn't notice how close the planes were to each other. The Boeing relied on the Tcas, whereas the Tupolev relied on ATC. Seeing as the ATC was busy, the Tupolev pilots had no knowledge of the Boeing near them. As the Boeing pilots frantically tried descending to avoid a collision, the Tupolev pilots continued to descend without knowing that they were heading towards a Boeing which was trying to avoid them. The planes eventually collided and the air traffic controller, who was somewhat held responsible for the crash, was eventually murdered by somebody who had lost his family in the tragedy.
Another incident involved Japan Airlines - where a Boeing 747 and a DC10 nearly collided because of ATC and Tcas messages contradicting each other. The DC10 was flying at cruise (FL370), whereas the 747 was climbing to cruise (FL390). Tcas then alerted the 747 pilots about the DC10 ahead. Tcas told the 747 to descend to avoid collision. As the 747 pilots descended, ATC wrongly told the DC10 to also descend... meaning the DC10 was now heading towards the 747 still. ATC was extremely busy at the time. The 747 pilots managed to avoid the collision by steeply lowering the pitch of the plane - which caused a few injuries to the passengers. The DC10 only just missed the 747.
Both stories are sourced below. They are worth a good read!
Tcas is a major break through as it has prevented many mid-air collisions, but it is still far from perfect.
Category: Aircraft
Can TCAS calculate the altitude of its aircraft and that of others in vicinity?
If so how does it do it? And also, if it does know the altitude of its aircraft, why would it give a resolution advisory to the pilot and tell him to go down, even though the plane may already be at a very low altitude?
Please use layman terms..
I asked a similar question before, but the answers were not clear and most;y had nothin to do with the question
Nice..... But what if both aircrafts are at the minimum altitude and are heading straight toward each other? What would the RA for both be then?
Answer: Tcas doesn't calculate altitude. It listens to the transponders of other aircraft as they broadcast their own altitudes; that's how it knows the altitude of the other aircraft.
When two aircraft with Tcas approach each other, the Tcas systems negotiate at high speed to determine which aircraft should descend and which should climb.
At very low altitudes, integration of ground proximity warning systems with Tcas allow the former to override the latter, so that a pilot is warned of terrain and does not attempt to follow a resolution advisory that tells him to descend. The other aircraft will still be advised to climb, so it should still be possible to resolve any conflict.
Simple versions of Tcas (often installed in small aircraft, because they are less expensive) simply advise of potential conflicts, but do not issue resolution advisories. With these systems, it's up to the pilot to decide what to do. Airliners have the more advanced Tcas II systems that always provide RAs if required.
Current Tcas II systems only issue climb/descend RAs, never giving instructions to turn. Tcas II can't determine azimuth very well and has no provision for calculating turns to avoid conflicts. Tcas III would have provided this, but right now Tcas III is dead in the water.
Category: Aircraft
Tricyclic antidepressant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Tcas include the following agents which are predominantly serotonin and ...
In fsx i cant find TCAS which planes can i download?
If there are any planes that woud include Tcas inside thee plane that shows traffic as well as weather ahead.
Any upgrades or types of planes ?
Answer: There's a panel you can download on flightsim.com that has a lot of things including Tcas. I read that the Wilco 777 and Citation X have Tcas and I know for a fact the Wilco E-Jet series has it so it's safe to bet Wilco planes has it. Search simviation.com for freeware.
Category: Other - Games & Recreation
TCAs for Lovers.
What did we learn about The Secret Circle at the Television Critics Association press tour yesterday A lot as covered in this post. The network held i...
Traffic Collision Alerting System (TCAS) - Honeywell Aerospace
The Honeywell CAS100 Tcas System is a family of airborne equipment that provides collision avoidance protection and airspace situational awareness.
What are the limits for TCAS to identify targets, in terms of distance and altitude?
Answer: There are no really "set" limits for Tcas to identify targets.
Tcas systems are generally limited to a 45nm mile forward range and significantly less to the sides and rear (to prevent excessive RF energy) - although this range can be shortened too in high-density traffic areas...
Tcas itself works not so much on a distance/altitude range alert, but on trends. It interrogates the other aircraft's transponders (Class C or S are most effective) to determine aircraft bearing, altitude, vertical speed, forward speed - in exactly the same manner ATC do with SSR.
The Tcas unit then processes this information and determines warnings on timings. That is, Tcas will work out relative bearings and find when the aircraft will either pass or collide. If the aircraft will pass outside the required separation standards, no warning is generated.
However if it passes inside the separation standards, Tcas will calculate the point of collision or at which the two aircraft will be closest. When the aircraft are 40 seconds from their closest passing point, Tcas generates an aural and visual "Traffic...Traffic" warning - or traffic advisory.
If the aircraft in question continue to close, at the 25 second point, Tcas (Mode II only) will generate a Resolution Advisory or RA. (Tcas Mode I can't generate RAs). An RA is comprised of instructions from Tcas to climb or descend to maintain separation.
Tcas cannot issue a change heading command - as it is less reliable for lateral separation so can only provide vertical.
The two aircraft's Tcass will "talk" - and work out different instructions - one to climb, the other to descend.
So basically in summary...Tcas doesn't work on set distance/altitude parameters but figures out closing rates and points of passing - and if they are less that required separation, will work on timings to collision/passing to alert crews - or provide emergency avoidance instructions.
Hope this helps! :-)
Category: Aircraft
what do you call the boots description that Miley Cyrus is wearing at the TCAs?
what do you call the boots? and do you know where to get it?
She wore it too the teen choice awards 08
and its blue with fring..
you could take a look at it in the picture she took with selena gomez and Demi Lovato.
Answer: Wrong section. That's why you haven't gotten an answer as yet.
Category: Media & Journalism
Traffic collision avoidance system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A traffic collision avoidance system or traffic alert and collision avoidance system (both abbreviated as Tcas) is an aircraft collision avoidance system ...
I wanted to know about word tcas or tcast which is related to aviation sector?
YESTERDAY I WAS WATCHING MID AIR COLLISION ON NATIONAL GEOGR.CHANL.I WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT THE TERM Tcas OR MIGHT B IT IS T-CAST. AND ABOUT TAIL SPIN WHICH IS ALSO RELATED TO AIRCRAFT PL.LET ME KNOW
Answer: Your Tcas questions were answered correctly.
Here's the answer to Tail Spin.
Are you asking about the movie which is about the Korean Air 747 that was shot down by the Soviets?
Or are you asking about a spin.
A spin is an aggravated stall with the plane in an uncoordinated condition, where one wing stalls more than the other and causes the aircaft to rotate (over simplified)
To enter a spin, an aircraft needs to be at a high angle of attack at a low airspeed.
There are 2 types of spins:
1. Inverted Spin - nose down/negative Angle Of Attack
2. Flat Spin - the aircraft is spinning horizontally about the vertical axis. This is usually caused by center of gravity (Cg) being too far aft.
There are 4 phases of a spin:
1. Entry - all the elements necessary to enter a spin
2. Incipient - the stall happens and the plane begins to rotate
3. Developed - the rotation and airspeed have peaked
4. Recovery - the angle of attack is lowered below the critical AOA and rotation begins to slow.
Rough outline of spins. I'm sure an online search could lead to a better, more detailed explanation.
Category: Aircraft
How does the TCAS system works on a small prop?
e.g. Cessna 172, Is it similar to a big jet Tcas?
Answer: Tcas works the same regardless of the size of the plane. And it only works on aircraft that is equipped with transponders. Various Tcas systems available Tcas I that give you info of the position of the 'intruding plane' to your bubble of protection area while Tcas II can give you command to climb, descent, or maintain altitude to avoid colliding at each other. You will be greatful to have it while flying in low visibility especially at buzy airports!
Category: Aircraft
Sons of Anarchy at the TCAs: All About the Club - TV Fanatic
Internal struggles among the club will play a key role on season four of Sons of Anarchy. The cast talked about what's ahead today at the Television Critics Association press panel.
Will the Eclipse 500 carry TCAS?
Isnt the rule for Tcas "configured with six or more passenger seats"? Is Tcas offered as an option on the Eclipse?
(For the benefit of edsleman: Tcas stands for "traffic alert and collision avoidance system". But if you didnt know this you couldnt possibly be able to answer this question. Im looking for responses from informed users only please.)
Answer: Tcas on the Eclipse will not be offered for another 6-12 months.
There is no requirement for Tcas under Part 91.
For Part 135 (Commuter & On Demand Operations), No person may operate a turbine powered airplane that has a passenger seat configuration, excluding any pilot seat, of 10 to 30 seats unless it is equipped with an approved traffic alert and collision avoidance system.
Category: Aircraft
Mind Blowing TCAs
What did we learn about The Secret Circle at the Television Critics Association press tour yesterday A lot as covered in this post. What did we learn ...